{"id":1777,"date":"2021-08-23T07:49:27","date_gmt":"2021-08-23T07:49:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mixxed.com\/blog\/?p=1777"},"modified":"2022-09-22T11:43:12","modified_gmt":"2022-09-22T11:43:12","slug":"what-is-gain-staging","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/create.routenote.com\/blog\/what-is-gain-staging\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Gain Staging?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Okay, so we’ve explored the difference between volume & gain<\/a><\/strong> and we summarised gain staging<\/strong>. But let’s get down & dirty with the technicals <\/strong>of this important mixing process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gain staging <\/strong>is the process <\/strong>of ensuring <\/strong>the level of your signal <\/strong>is the same coming out of a channel <\/strong>as it was going in<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Our ears <\/strong>perceive loud sounds <\/strong>as better <\/strong>when compared <\/strong>to soft sounds<\/strong>. This makes it important to maintain <\/strong>a consistent level <\/strong>when sending <\/strong>an audio signal <\/strong>into a plugin <\/strong>and coming out the other side<\/strong> because it’s easier for us <\/strong>to hear <\/strong>if the plugin <\/strong>is actually doing what we want <\/strong>– rather than just making the sound louder or quieter<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A basic example of this is compression<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When you attenuate the dynamic range <\/strong>of a signal<\/strong>, you lose volume<\/strong>. So, it’s vital to use makeup gain <\/strong>to bring the signal level back <\/strong>to where it was before you applied compression<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sound Pressure Levels<\/a><\/strong> and Noise Floor<\/a><\/strong> are topics that will help you better understand gain staging <\/strong>if you’re not caught up with those already. We’ve broken down these concepts for you in the linked articles, so you can easily catch up!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mixxed Mixer Tips<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Noise Floor: What is it?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

How Do I Measure Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) in My Music?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

What Are Buses, Aux and Send Tracks?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Difference Between Gain and Volume<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Top 5 Metering Plugins to Masterfully Improve Your Tracks<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Source: Mixing Tips<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Gain Staging Drums, Vocals… Everything!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The way we can handle audio <\/strong>inside DAWs <\/strong>now is crazy<\/strong>. The A list studio producers <\/strong>of the analogue days<\/strong>, and even of the days where digital was first making an appearance<\/strong>, would not <\/strong>have believed the capabilities <\/strong>that technology <\/strong>has blessed us with<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the age of digital<\/strong>, 0 dBFS <\/strong>(dB Full Scale) is the loudest point <\/strong>at which our audio can reach before <\/strong>it begins digitally clipping<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Digital clipping <\/strong>is a hot mess<\/strong>. It can be used for creative effect, but we’re not going to go into that here. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Blast to the Past<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the days of analogue<\/strong>, all signals <\/strong>that were leaving one piece of equipment <\/strong>and entering another <\/strong>had to be adjusted<\/strong>. Every piece <\/strong>of hardware <\/strong>had to be levelled properly <\/strong>so that the chain wasn’t overloading<\/strong>, as well as to achieve a good result<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A good result <\/strong>could be a clean mix<\/strong>, a well-saturated sound<\/strong>, etc. It really depended <\/strong>on what <\/strong>the engineer wanted <\/strong>and what they were using<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some issues that commonly came up were as follows:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If a signal<\/strong> was too quiet<\/strong>, it was too close <\/strong>to the noise floor<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

If a piece of equipment <\/strong>was pushed too hard <\/strong>(driven past the point its power supply’s voltage could work with<\/strong>) then unwanted distortion <\/strong>was brought about<\/strong>. This distortion <\/strong>is a representation <\/strong>of the signal breaching the ceiling <\/strong>(headroom<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So, with analogue equipment<\/strong>, gain staging <\/strong>was about adjusting the amplification <\/strong>of each piece of equipment <\/strong>to get the best signal <\/strong>to noise ratio <\/strong>that the mixing engineer <\/strong>could. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Your mission <\/strong>is to avoid being too close <\/strong>to the noise floor<\/strong>, and you also want to leave enough headroom<\/strong>. This gives you a buffer zone <\/strong>that can accommodate loud spikes <\/strong>and transients <\/strong>and avoiding distortion<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Back to Digital<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Here and now, we can actually push above 0 dBFS without clipping the signal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To do this, you need to ensure <\/strong>you have a bus<\/a><\/strong> set up. However, rather than having multiple channels directed <\/strong>to that bus<\/strong>, you only need one channel<\/strong> – the dedicated channel of your signal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

By sending<\/strong> the signal <\/strong>to a second channel<\/strong>, you have two faders <\/strong>you can attenuate <\/strong>(but we’re going to give you some advice about this later). So, by dipping back down <\/strong>on the track\u2019s corresponding channel<\/strong>, you can avoid breaching <\/strong>the 0 dBFS point <\/strong>whilst also pushing the signal very hard <\/strong>on its source channel<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This brings you a lot of freedom. Much more freedom than our mixing ancestors had<\/strong>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You\u2019ve got that drum loop <\/strong>you made with Mixxed<\/a><\/strong> samples. The loop <\/strong>is balanced <\/strong>and solidly processed<\/strong>. Its only drawback <\/strong>is that the drums push <\/strong>the whole mix <\/strong>into the red. Past 0 dBFS<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because your processing <\/strong>is pristine<\/strong>, you don’t want to play <\/strong>with any plugins <\/strong>you’ve used. How do you solve this problem? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We’re going to tell you that, and so much more. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Source: Reddit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Gain Staging Cheat Sheet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Quality Recordings<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

For recording artists<\/strong>, this is the most important step<\/strong>. A lot of people record their instruments too loudly<\/strong>, and if audio is recorded too loudly <\/strong>then your song will be quieter<\/strong>. This is because you have removed <\/strong>a lot of headroom <\/strong>with one instrument<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that you won’t <\/strong>be able to turn up <\/strong>the volume <\/strong>of the track to meet professional standards<\/strong>, as well as receiving unwanted distortion<\/strong>. It’s vital <\/strong>you pay attention <\/strong>to the dBFS meters <\/strong>on your DAW’s mixer<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Always make sure your input level <\/strong>is at -18dBFS <\/strong>on average, whether you’re recording <\/strong>or inputting MIDI notes<\/strong>, and make sure <\/strong>your peaks aren’t breaching -10dBFS<\/strong>! The highest value <\/strong>that you should make sure <\/strong>your signal does not ever breach is -6dBFS<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These guidelines will mean you do not remove any headroom that takes away opportunities for future gain staging. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Learn to Use a VU Meter & LUFS Meter<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A VU Meter<\/strong> is a handy metering tool <\/strong>that you should be popping on your master <\/strong>bus before<\/strong> inputting<\/strong> or creating anything<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VU <\/strong>(Volume Unit<\/strong>) Meters <\/strong>shows you a calculated estimate <\/strong>of how loud a channel<\/strong>\/bus<\/strong>\/signal <\/strong>is. VU Meters <\/strong>are great <\/strong>when you’re focused <\/strong>on the average volume of a track<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They’re a great tool <\/strong>because of the control they give you<\/strong>. You can set your VU Meter <\/strong>to -18 dBFS<\/strong>, which means that the 0 value in your VU Meter <\/strong>is the same as 18 dBFS <\/strong>on your master bus<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We’ve discussed LUF Meters<\/strong>, also known as loudness meters<\/strong>, before in our Sound Pressure Level article<\/strong>. To summarise them, they give you an accurate representation <\/strong>of how loud<\/strong> your signal actually is<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rather than using <\/strong>your mixers peak meters<\/strong>, loudness meters analyze audio <\/strong>by taking into account duration <\/strong>as well as frequency<\/strong>. Loudness Units <\/strong>(LU) are their unit of measurement<\/strong>, and even a change <\/strong>of one LU <\/strong>is noticeable to your ears<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

So, VU Meters allows <\/strong>you to see average volume levels <\/strong>before you begin recording (beginning of your master bus<\/strong>). Loudness meters<\/strong>, however, allow you to dissect a processed signal <\/strong>(end of your master bus<\/strong>) to accurately see what LU levels your signal is reaching<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adjust Your Plugins As You Go<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The more plugins you use<\/strong>, the easier this one is to forget<\/strong>. But you should not forget it<\/strong>. You should do anything but forget it!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Every plugin <\/strong>that you use requires gain staging<\/strong> because plugins naturally add <\/strong>or subtract volume<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you’re eliminating frequencies <\/strong>with a filter or an EQ<\/strong>, you’ve probably reduced the level going out of that plugin<\/strong>. So, use the output gain\/volume knob <\/strong>to make up for the lost levels<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This can feed right back to the previous point. Make sure the LUF meter <\/strong>is active <\/strong>on your master bus <\/strong>and then solo the track <\/strong>with the filter <\/strong>or EQ <\/strong>on it. Make sure you turn the plugin on and off <\/strong>to see the difference in signal level <\/strong>on the loudness meter <\/strong>and then use the makeup gain<\/strong>\/output volume parameter <\/strong>on the plugin <\/strong>to even the levels out<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Use <\/strong>this process before <\/strong>you even think about <\/strong>touching the volume fader(s) <\/strong>on the mixer channel<\/strong>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Compressors<\/strong> are great examples <\/strong>to back this point up<\/strong>. If you use a volume fader to attenuate the volume <\/strong>of a channel <\/strong>with a compressor on it<\/strong>, the compressor will do less than it was doing when the volume was higher <\/strong>– because you’ve reduced the input gain<\/strong>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This will throw your entire mix out of balance and really stress you out.<\/strong> Save yourself the headache!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you have a plugin chain <\/strong>that is causing your channel <\/strong>to be too loud<\/strong>, that’s okay. All you have to do is plop a gain plugin <\/strong>at the end of this plugin chain <\/strong>(after the compressor<\/strong>) and attenuate the gain that way<\/strong>. This saves <\/strong>all of your plugin settings <\/strong>and saves you a headache<\/strong>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gain Stage Your Buses!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Buses<\/strong> are just as easy to control <\/strong>as individual channels<\/strong>. If the signal is too hot <\/strong>on entry<\/strong>, plop a gain plugin <\/strong>at the very start of its plugin chain <\/strong>and turn it down<\/strong>. Problem solved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To dissect <\/strong>a bus even further<\/strong>, use makeup gain <\/strong>on the individual plugins <\/strong>(as you go<\/strong>) to attenuate or raise the output volume <\/strong>of each plugin <\/strong>(and the bus itself<\/strong>) as and when needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avoid Low Faders<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Do you have a channel <\/strong>that\u2019s only supposed to be slightly audible<\/strong>, like a pad<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Well, low faders <\/strong>are not a viable method <\/strong>of achieving this <\/strong>and having a clean mixdown<\/strong>. The closer your faders are to the bottom<\/strong>, they offer less resolution <\/strong>in sound quality<\/strong>. One slight movement could dramatically change <\/strong>the volume <\/strong>of the sound<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, aim <\/strong>for faders levels <\/strong>to be around 0dB<\/strong>. This will keep your resolution <\/strong>for your final mixdown<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Use gain plugins <\/strong>at the end of your plugin chain<\/strong>, and use these <\/strong>to attenuate volume instead<\/strong>. This eliminates low-resolution problems that arise due to low input gains and makes the channel as audible as you need and want.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Don’t Be Scared to Automate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Our final tip for gain staging <\/strong>is automation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do you have a channel <\/strong>that’s really quiet <\/strong>in some areas <\/strong>but peaking too loudly <\/strong>in others<\/strong>? No worries, automation can solve this<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Automate <\/strong>that particular channels gain over time <\/strong>and change the gain throughout the song<\/strong>. This allows you to make sure <\/strong>the gain <\/strong>is perfect at all times<\/strong>. It’s literally like operating <\/strong>on your channels<\/strong>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

We did it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We’ve explored what gain staging is, why it matters, and how you can do it easily. Your mixdowns are about to sound a whole lot more professional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To summarise, make sure you’re using VU & loudness meters to meter your average volume and true peaks. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Always aim <\/strong>to keep your audio <\/strong>at the -18 dBFS<\/strong>, allow for peaks to reach -10 dBFS, but never breach -6 dBFS<\/strong>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manage your buses<\/strong>, individual channels <\/strong>and EVERY PLUGIN<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Always use plugins <\/strong>to attenuate gain<\/strong>, avoid faders <\/strong>if you can.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And, finally, use automation to manage individual quiet and loud parts<\/strong>! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Okay, so we’ve explored the difference between volume & gain and we summarised gain staging. But let’s get down & dirty with the technicals of this important mixing process. Gain staging is the process of ensuring the level of your signal is the same coming out of a channel as it was going in. Our ears perceive loud sounds as better when compared to soft sounds. This makes it important to maintain a consistent level when sending an audio signal into a plugin and coming out the other side because it’s easier for us to hear if the plugin is…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1782,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,19,17,323],"tags":[484,483,485,482,261,480,481],"class_list":["post-1777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community","category-music-creation-tools","category-music-sampling","category-tutorial","tag-gain-staging-cheat-sheet","tag-gain-staging-drums","tag-gain-staging-plugins","tag-gain-staging-vst","tag-mixxed-com","tag-what-is-gain-staging","tag-what-is-gain-staging-in-mixing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is Gain Staging? - RouteNote Create Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We're exploring gain staging in depth, its analogue history and giving you a cheat sheet to improve your mix downs!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/create.routenote.com\/blog\/what-is-gain-staging\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is Gain Staging? - RouteNote Create Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We're exploring gain staging in depth, its analogue history and giving you a cheat sheet to improve your mix downs!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/create.routenote.com\/blog\/what-is-gain-staging\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"RouteNote Create Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/routenote\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-08-23T07:49:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-09-22T11:43:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/create.routenote.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/What-is-Gain-Staging-Mixxed-Blog.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2240\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1260\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Connor Edney\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@routenote\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@routenote\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Connor Edney\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/create.routenote.com\/blog\/what-is-gain-staging\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/create.routenote.com\/blog\/what-is-gain-staging\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Connor Edney\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/create.routenote.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c5b5118571a3015259ca10b0d914d08b\"},\"headline\":\"What is Gain Staging?\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-23T07:49:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-09-22T11:43:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/create.routenote.com\/blog\/what-is-gain-staging\/\"},\"wordCount\":1772,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/create.routenote.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"gain staging cheat sheet\",\"gain staging drums\",\"gain staging plugins\",\"gain staging vst\",\"Mixxed.com\",\"what is gain staging\",\"what is gain staging in mixing\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Community\",\"Music Creation Tools\",\"Music Sampling\",\"Tutorial\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/create.routenote.com\/blog\/what-is-gain-staging\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/create.routenote.com\/blog\/what-is-gain-staging\/\",\"name\":\"What is Gain Staging? 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